Large-scale, complex social problems, including reducing poverty and homelessness, slowing climate change and environmental degradation, and providing widespread high quality health care and education cannot be solved by any one action or any one organization. These “wicked problems” involve many different groups of stakeholders each with their own perspectives, goals, and roles. They are constantly evolving and changing, and have no single solution.
Lasting change on these complex issues requires building impact networks of people and organizations that are aligned around a shared purpose and connected through deep trust and relationship. The most effective networks transcend silos, sectors, race, class, and any other artificial barriers to collaboration and progress. They find common ground, coordinate their strategies, and collaborate generously.
Rather than competing for limited funding resources, organizations in these “impact networks” often find that they can have greater impact and access larger pools of funding when they work together with a shared strategy that accentuates the strengths of each participating organization.
While there are many types of networks, including learning networks (communities of practice) and social networks (Facebook), impact networks seek lasting outcomes on complex, large-scale issues that could not be achieved by any single organization.
Building an effective impact network requires the following four steps:
1. Regularly convene the right leaders. Impact networks provide the space and structure for leaders of organizations that are aligned around a shared purpose to build relationships and find common ground.
The right leaders are stakeholders who collectively represent all parts of the system, 2) who have the ability to get things done, and 3) who are willing to cross boundaries and work with people who may have very different perspectives and priorities.
2. Identify shared values, find shared purpose, and build trust for impact throughout the system. Leaders must first find values they share in common with others, and define a shared purpose to work towards. Leaders must also build relationships with each other, assume positive intent, and develop “trust for impact”.
Building trust for impact doesn’t mean leaders have to like everyone in the network or agree on every issue – there may be significant beliefs that leaders do not share in common. Instead, building trust for impact means finding the sliver of ground that they do have in common, allowing them to work together in spite of their differences and even to see their differences as potential assets. Trust for impact means leaders agree to work together around the issues that they both care about and that they both know are important, despite what differences exist or personal disagreements arise.
Building trust for impact requires understanding each other’s external context (including what you do, what your priorities are, and what your assets and challenges are) as well as each other’s internal context (why you do what you do, your world views and perspectives).
3. Identify key leverage points. Looking at the problem with a broad view, collectively identify the outcomes or actions that would have a profoundly positive effect on the problem if achieved.
For example, ReAmp, an impact network of over 160 organizations in the United States collectively working to reduce carbon emissions across the Midwest region, identified stopping new coal plants from being built as one of six key leverage points that would significantly reduce carbon emissions in the region. Consequently a subset of the ReAmp network decided to collaborate together around this shared goal. In the past 5 years the network has been able to stop over 40 new coal plants from being built in the region.
4. Communicate and collaborate generously. Participating leaders of effective impact networks communicate authentically, developing a shared understanding of the problem and sharing critical information about opportunities and challenges with each other. Strengthening the relationships across a network often requires engaging in authentic, direct, and sometime unpleasant conversations about the things that divide and challenge leaders across the network.
Organizations also collaborate generously with each other, finding mutually beneficial ways to work together that supports existing work and opens new opportunities for innovative approaches. By collaborating generously, organizations across the network collectively make progress against the network’s shared values and shared purpose, while focusing particularly on the key leverage points identified.
It is critical to remember that the most important aspect in engaging wicked problems is always the human element. The single most important asset of any impact network is the quality of relationships between leaders and organizations across the network and across the region. Leaders must learn to “go slow to go fast”, taking the time up-front to develop trust for impact with each other so they can continue to work together even when disagreements or miscommunications arise. As Otto Scharmer writes, “The most important ingredient is always the same: a few fully committed people who would give everything to make it work.”
Network Evolution
Initially, networks often resemble Stage 1 above, borrowing a diagram from Building Smart Communities through Network Weaving, by Valdis Krebs and June Holley. Some network members know and interact with each other (forming clusters), but they are largely fragmented and isolated from one another. Then, in Stage 2, a person or an organization forms the hub that bridges connections between network members. The hub is an essential catalyst of network formation.
As leaders make new connections, build relationships and collaborate together around small or large projects, the network will evolve into Stage 3. Stage 3 networks are much stronger and more resilient than a Stage 2 network, because the connections across the network are not dependent on any single person or organization – the connections across a Stage 3 network will sustain even if the hub leaves. Over time, the strongest and most resilient networks continue to evolve and expand into a dense Stage 4 network. With alignment around a shared purpose and continued communication and coordination, Stage 3 and Stage 4 networks can have a profound impact against large-scale, complex problems.
It’s important to note that networks don’t just happen, and they will not live on or be successful without a dedicated coordinator. The coordinator’s job is to continue to organize network convenings, facilitate the meetings, help form connections, and track and share information about ongoing collaborations while providing support when barriers arise. Over time, if funding is available, a single on-the-ground person working directly for the network can perform the coordinator role.